Design of urban tunnels in soft soil using tunnel boring machine (TBM) application for the umrt line no.3 in Hanoi = Thiết kế hầm trong đất yếu sử dụng máy đào hầm (TBM) ứng dụng cho tuyến đường sắt đô thị số 3 tại Hà Nội

Abstract

Metro systems are integral to modern infrastructure and are in a constant process of development. Designing tunnels in soft soil demands consideration of various factors to optimize construction costs and ensure safety. This article addresses the challenges of constructing urban tunnels in soft ground using tunnel boring machines, emphasizing geological behavior, tunnel lining loads, and soil displacement. FEM analytical and simulation methods are employed to calculate surface settlements, face-support pressure, and lining load, with a focus on evaluating geological influences on subway line design. TBM-driven tunnel construction induces short- and long-term ground deformations in soft soil. influenced by heading face support, shield skin friction, and gap grouting. Realistic 3D simulations are increasingly essential to understanding the interaction between TBM-driven tunneling and surrounding soil, providing reliable estimates of settlements and associated risks, especially in urban tunnel projects.