Analytical methods used in microplastics identification: A review

Abstract

Microplastic research plays a crucial role in identifying microplastic polymers. Scientists use different methods such as Flame tests, Differential thermal scanning, Thermogravimetric analysis, and Infrared spectroscopy to accomplish this. The objective of this study incluce: (i) Firstly, it aims to summarize recent research trends on techniques for determining polymer types in various environments. It provides an overview of each technique and compares their strengths and limitations. (ii) Secondly, it determines the types of microplastics in surface water samples in the Saigon - Dong Nai River basin, during the period 2023. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique is applied according to the total attenuation method (ATR-FTIR). The study shows that it is possible to quantify and classify microplastics by manual observation or through observation or microscopy. However, determining the type of polymer is almost impossible. To overcome this limitation, scientists use a combination of physical (e.g., light microscopy, magnifying microscopy), chemical (e.g., spectroscopy), and thermal analysis techniques. The study results reveal that there are more than 60 types of microplastics present in the main water supply for daily drinking and drinking purposes of the people of Ho Chi Minh City and neighboring provinces. It provides a foundation for river basin water resource managers to propose appropriate water resource management measures and programs during the process of water exploitation and use in the area.