Cytotoxic steroidal compounds, enriched fraction and extract of Trillium govanianum against HCT-116 cell line

Abstract

Trillium govanianum is a source of steroidal compounds and is used for the treatment of sexual disorders, dysentery, cancer, and inflammation. In the current investigation, steroidal compounds 1-5 (20-hydroxyecdysone [1], pennogenin-3-O-β-chacotrioside [2], dioscin [3], trillin [4], diosgenin [5]) were isolated, including dioscin and trillin, as a new report from this species. Further, extract (TGE), steroids enriched fraction (TGEF) and 1–5 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the HCT-116 cell line. Cytotoxicity activity was found to be significant in samples and might be due to the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species production. TGE and TGEF showed maximum inhibition (>92%) at 25 and 5 µg/mL in 72 h, while 2 and 3 showed better activity (>95%) at 5.65 and 11.51 µM in 72 h than the vinblastine drug (20 µM). Furthermore, the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array method was validated for a determination of 1–5. Compounds 1–3, and 5 were quantified in TGE and TGEF while 4 was only identified. The findings revealed that activity of TGE and TGEF, might be due to compounds 2 (49.04 ± 2.22 and 77.40 ± 0.72 mg/g) and 3 (230.88 ± 7.07 and 584.67 ± 5.34 mg/g), respectively. The study also suggested that 2 and 3 can be a drug molecule as vinblastine while TGEF may be developed as a phytopharmaceutical drug for colon cancer treatment.