Exploring the nature of monsters in 'Frankenstein' by Mary Shelley

Abstract

This study explores the nature of the monsters through two selected characters, Victor Frankenstein and the Creature, in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley (1818). The thesis follows a multi-approach methodology, utilizing the ethical theories and Freud’s psychoanalytic theory to analyze the characters’ actions and behaviors in a comprehensive and layered manner. While the ethical theories are used to evaluate whether actions is morally wrong or not, the psychoanalytic theory reveals causes and motivations behind these actions by examining unconscious drives and inner conflicts. This combination allows for a deeper understanding of both the external consequences and internal struggles within each character. The findings of this study indicate that both characters, Victor Frankenstein and the Creature, are the real monsters committing unforgivable acts that bring pains to innocent people, including family members, friends, and society at large. These monstrous acts are not only physical but also emotional and psychological, leaving lasting impacts on those around them. The findings also reveal the traumatic events that drive the characters’ desires to grow stronger, be recognized, or take revenge, highlighting the complexity of their humanity. Further research should be done to focus on human nature, apply various literary theories, or connect to the age of artificial intelligence (AI) for more updated and relevant discussions.