Managing urban mobility in the age of time-space compression: Integrating perceived accessibility into transport infrastructure development in Vietnam = Quản lý giao thông đô thị trong kỷ nguyên rút ngắn không gian và thời gian: Tích hợp cảm nhận khả năng tiếp cận vào phát triển hạ tầng giao thông tại Việt Nam

Abstract

Urban transport networks are shaped not only by infrastructure and technology but also by individuals' perceptions of accessibility. In Vietnam, conventional planning approaches often overlook subjective barriers such as safety, comfort and digital exclusion. This article introduces a conceptual framework that integrates perceived accessibility and time space compression to explain why access remains uneven despite infrastructure investments. Drawing on global research and local case studies, it links technology, socio demographic factors, and user experience. The framework promotes perception informed planning to support more inclusive and user centered transport policies. It offers practical tools for policy makers to incorporate real time feedback and socio psychological insights into Vietnam's smart city development, improving both system performance and social equity.