Assessment of the trend in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations during the period 2018–2021 in the Hanoi area

Abstract

The implementation of monitoring to evaluate the concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ dust in recent times, especially in major cities, is deemed essential as these are major contributors to adverse health effects. This study has preliminarily assessed the trends of dust concentrations at different monitoring stations, specifically 10 monitoring stations in Hanoi during the period 2018-2021. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator were applied to determine the trend and significance of pollutants. The results indicate that the average concentration of PM10 was approximately 70.49 µg/m³ and PM₂.₅ was around 40.51 µg/m³, both exceeding QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT standards. The trend in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ concentrations showed a general decrease, although the decrease in PM₁₀ was more significant (5/10 stations with p < 0.05), the decrease in PM₂.₅ was not significant (0/10 stations with p < 0.05). The study’s findings have also contributed to aiding managers in monitoring and devising specific measures to reduce dust pollution in urban areas in the future.