Bismuth nanodendrites deposited on glassy carbon electrode as a sensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of Cd²⁺ and Pd²⁺ ions

Abstract

In this study, bismuth nanodendrites (BiNDs) were fabricated on glassy carbon electrode by chronopotentiometric method. The hierarchical structure and high population matrix of BiNDs provides high surface active area to enhance the electrochemical signals of measured Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions. The developed bismuth nanodendritic structure was well-observed and characterzied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochenucal behaviours of developed BiNDs electrodes were studied by the cyclic voltammetric (CV) method. The fabrication conditions for BiNDs such as the applied current and deposition time were optimized as -10 mA and 90 s, respectively. Under this optimized condition, the highest peaks of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions at concentration of 20 ppb were obtained. The Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ signals acquired by BiNDs are almost three times greater than that measured by the Bi ftlm electrode.