PM₂.₅-bound PAHs in the indoor and outdoor air of nursery school in Ha Noi, Viet Nam and health implication

Abstract

Thirty two daily indoor and outdoor PM₂.₅ samples at sixteen nursery schools in Ha Noi were taken from March to April 2018.15 individual PAHs were analyzed by GC/MS. Mutagenic potential (MP) and carcinogenic potential (CP) were used to evaluate carcinogenic and mutagenic risk contribution. The average PM₂.₅ concentrations were 38.7μg/m³ for indoor air and 93.3 μg/m³ for outdoor one, which exceeded WHO Air quality guideline (2004) for ambient air. The mean concentrations of indoor and outdoor ∑15PAHs were2 67.1ng/m³ and 843.4ng/m³, respectively. There was a good correlation between indoor sand out doors for both PM₂.₅ and PAHs. Indoor MEQ∑7PAHs was 41.4 ng/m³, whilst outdoor MEQ∑7PAHs was 137.3 ng/m³. The mean level of indoor TEQ∑15PAH was 64.6 ng/m³, whereas the outdoor TEQ∑15PAH was 208.8 ng/m³. Dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DahA) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were the most contributors among indoor and outdoor PAHs to the carcinogenicity and mutagenity.