Study on mixing anti-A monoclonal antibody with anti-B monoclonal antibody to make anti-AB using for abo blood isotyping

Abstract

The ABO blood group system is divided into four different blood groups A, B, AB and O based on the presence of A and/or B antigens on the surface of human red blood cells. Blood type A is divided into subgroups, so AB blood type is also divided into subgroups depending on the subgroup A. The number of A or B antigen – receptors on red blood cells A, AB and B respectively are very different, depending on age and physiological state of the cells. However, in average, the relative proportion of A antigen receptors on red blood cells A versus the receptors on red blood cells AB is about 4:1. This ratio for B antigen sites on red blood cells B and AB is 2:1. The ratio of A antigen receptors versus B antigen receptor on red blood cells AB is approximately 3:2. Thus, the number of B antigen sites in all red blood types always appears with smaller amounts compared to the number of A antigen sites. Hence, in this study we focus to find a proper ratio of anti-A monoclonal antibody and anti-B monoclonal antibody in the mixing so that the possibility of agglutination will be the strongest. In this paper, anti-A monoclonal antibody (titer of 1/256) and anti-B monoclonal antibody (with titer of 1/256) were used. Three tests were carried out where each volume anti A monoclonal antibody was mixed with one, two and three volume anti-B monoclonal antibody separately. And the best results were obtained when one volume anti A monoclonal antibody was mixed with one volume anti-B monoclonal antibody. The corresponding titers of the anti-A,B antibody were 1/128 for red blood group A and 1/128 for red blood group B. The intensity of agglutination reached 3+ for both A and B red blood groups.