Spatial variability and geostatistical mapping of selected soil properties in Mt. Wakakusa grassland of Japan

Abstract

Mt. Wakakusa in Central Japan is a semi-natural grassland which has been maintained by repeated application of prescribed burntings of vegetation for more than 500 years. We assessed the spatial variability of selected soil properties and constructed their distribution maps using a geostatistical method to provide spatial information on soil resource for sustainable land management in this grassland. All the examined soil properties showed intermediate (coefficient of variation [CV] 10%-90%) or high (CV > 90%) variability, except for the soil pH (CV < 10%), suggesting that the precision soil management approach is recommendable in the study site. The variogram analysis revealed that all of the soil properties, except for the electrical conductivity with a very weak spatial dependency (nugget-to-sill [N/S] ratio > 0.75), showed a very- strong or moderately strong spatial dependency (N/S ratio < 0.50), which might occur under the strong influence of intrinsic factors such as the inherent soil quality. The soil maps constructed by the ordinary kriging method helped in understanding the distribution patterns of the examined soil properties and identifying specific locations with signs of degradation and pollution. These spatial distribution patterns should be considered when developing a sustainable soil management strategy in Mt. Wakakusa grassland.